History of European integration

Syllabus

I. INTRODUCTION: THE EUROPEAN IDEA AND EUROPEAN IDENTITY
1. European identity: cultural basis, values, diversity 
2. The origin of the European idea at the end of the 19^th century and first European Integration concepts after World War I
3. The creation of first European Organizations (1945-1949)

II. THE FOUNDATIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION (1950-1985)
1. The functionalist approach of the Six within the ECSC and the EDC (1950-1952)
2. The setting-up of the European Communities (EC) (1955-1957)
3. The realization of the Common Market and the Common Agricultural Policy (1958-1962)
4. Europe in crisis: Political Union projects and the Empty Chair Policy
5. First EEC enlargement (UK, Denmark, Ireland) (1961-1973)
6. Economic crises and responses: towards a European Monetary System (1971-1979)

III. EUROPEAN INTEGRATION SINCE THE 1980s: DEEPENING AND ENLARGMENT (1980-1987)
1. A new actor in the EEC: Direct elections to the European Parliament (1979-1989)
2. The Mediterranean Enlargement (1981, 1987)
3. The path towards a European Single Market (1985-1989)
Exposés

IV. FROM THE EC TOWARDS THE EU (1989-1995)
1. The consequences of the fall of the Berlin wall for European Integration in the EC and the Council of Europe (1989-1991)
2. The Maastricht Treaty: towards monetary and political union (1992-2001)
3. The Northern Enlargement (1995)
4. Europe without borders: Schengen (1985-1995)
Exposés 

V. TOWARDS A (PAN)EUROPEAN EU (1995-2012) 
1. The reform of the EU: from the Amsterdam to the Nice Treaty (1997-2001)
2. The path towards Eastern Enlargement (2005-2012)
3. The failure European Constitution (2001-2004)
4. The adoption of the Lisbon Treaty (2007-2009)
Exposés

VI. EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS SINCE THE 1990s
1. External economic policy 
2. European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP)
3. European Neighbourhood Policy
Exposés 

VII. EUROSCEPTICISM SINCE THE 1990s  
1. The origins of Euroscepticism in the 1980s 
2. The decreasing support of public opinion for Europe since the Treaty of Maastricht (1992)
3. The rise of Euroscepticism in the European Parliament (2014-2024)
Exposés

VIII. EUROPE WITHOUT BORDERS
1. The Schengen Space (1985-1997)
2. The Common Asylum Policy and the Dublin Convention (1990-1997)
3. The reality of Europe without borders
Exposés

IX. THE EU AS A GLOBAL ACTOR TODAY 
1. EU diplomacy
2. EU intervention in international conflicts
3. European Strategic autonomy
Exposés 

X. INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN CRISES (2008-2016) 
1. The European Economic Crisis and its remedies (2008-2012)
2. The terrorism crisis (2015)
3. The migration crisis (2015)
Exposés

IX. INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN CRISES (2020-2024)      
1. Brexit (2016-2020)
2. The pandemic COVID 19 (2020-2022)
3. The Russian aggression war against Ukraine (2022-2024)
Exposés

XII. WRITTEN EVALUATION

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